Promulgated by: People’s Government of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.
Document No.: 延州政规〔2026〕1号 (Yan Zhou Zheng Gui [2026] No. 1).
Issued January 22, 2026. Effective January 22, 2026.
Translation note — DCC. Translated in full from the official Chinese text of the issuing notice and the Measures. Terminology follows DCC’s bilingual glossary and the usage in the national Implementing Specifications for the Authorized Operation of Public Data Resources (Trial) and the parent Jilin Province measures. “Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau” renders 州政数局 (州政务服务和数字化建设管理局).
Notice of the People’s Government of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture on Issuing the Yanbian Prefecture Measures for the Administration of Authorized Operation of Public Data Resources
To the people’s governments of all counties (cities) and all commissions, offices and bureaus of the Prefecture People’s Government:
The Yanbian Prefecture Measures for the Administration of Authorized Operation of Public Data Resources are hereby issued to you. Please implement them conscientiously.
People’s Government of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
January 22, 2026
Yanbian Prefecture Measures for the Administration of Authorized Operation of Public Data Resources
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1. These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Building a Basic Data System to Better Bring into Play the Role of Data Elements, the Implementing Specifications for the Authorized Operation of Public Data Resources (Trial), the Jilin Province Big Data Regulations and relevant laws and regulations, and in light of the actual conditions of Yanbian Prefecture, in order to implement thoroughly the strategic deployment of Digital China and Digital Jilin, seize the opportunities of the reform of market-based allocation of data elements, fully release the potential of the massive, diverse and high-value public data held by Yanbian Prefecture as a frontier ethnic region, drive industrial upgrading, governance optimization and improvement of people’s livelihoods with data, and create a new model of the digital economy with Yanbian characteristics.
Article 2. These Measures apply to the data aggregation, processing, authorization, operation, security supervision and other activities relating to the authorized operation of public data resources carried out within the administrative area of Yanbian Prefecture.
Article 3. Terms used in these Measures have the following meanings:
(1) “Public data resources” means collections of data of utilization value generated by Party and government organs at all levels and by enterprises and public institutions (hereinafter collectively “public data providing departments”) in the course of performing their duties in accordance with law or providing public services.
(2) “Public data products and services” means data products and data services formed by an operating institution on the basis of authorized data resources through technical means such as model building, algorithmic analysis and visualization, capable of meeting specific needs in government management, industrial development, social livelihoods and the like.
(3) “Implementing institution” means the unit authorized by the Yanbian Prefecture People’s Government to be specifically responsible for organizing and carrying out the authorized operation of public data resources across the Prefecture.
(4) “Operating institution” means a legal-person organization that has obtained authorization in accordance with standard procedures to develop and operate the public data resources within the scope of the authorization.
(5) “Business entity” means a legal person or unincorporated organization that re-develops public data products and services on a scenario basis to meet market-based demand.
(6) “Authorized operation of public data” means the activity of authorizing, in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant requirements, qualified operating institutions to govern and develop the public data resources held by the Yanbian Prefecture People’s Government and industry competent departments and to provide data products and services to the market.
Article 4. The scope of public data resources that may be subject to authorized operation:
(1) data generated or held by Party and government organs at all levels in the course of performing their duties in accordance with law or providing public services;
(2) data generated or held by public-service institutions closely related to people’s livelihoods, such as healthcare and education, in the course of providing public services;
(3) data in fields closely related to industrial and sectoral development with significant potential for data value-adding, such as credit, transport, industry, health, employment, social insurance, culture, science and technology, resources, environment and finance.
At the same time, in close combination with Yanbian Prefecture’s locational advantages and resource endowments as an ethnic autonomous area, priority shall be given to supporting innovative integrated data applications in the following fields:
(1) the integrated development of ethnic culture and tourism, including the transmission of Korean-ethnic intangible cultural heritage, folk festivals, red tourism and border eco-tourism;
(2) scenarios oriented toward Northeast Asia such as cross-border e-commerce, border trade, logistics and customs clearance, and the port economy;
(3) distinctive agriculture and agricultural-product brand building, such as production traceability, quality supervision and market promotion of geographical-indication products including Yanbian yellow cattle, ginseng, black fungus, rice and apple-pears;
(4) the digital governance needs of ethnic regions, such as smart frontier governance, the program to revitalize border areas and enrich border residents, and multilingual public services.
Article 5. The authorized operation of public data resources shall follow the following basic principles:
(1) Lawfulness, compliance, security and controllability. Strictly comply with the Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China and other national laws and regulations, fully implement the classified and graded data protection system, and hold the bottom line of national security, public security and personal information protection.
(2) Government leadership, market operation. Bring into play the leading role of government in data supply, rule-making and regulatory safeguards, and stimulate the vitality of market entities in data development, application innovation and value realization.
(3) Overall planning, orderly advancement. Adhere to a prefecture-wide “one chessboard” layout, strengthen top-level design and unified planning, give priority to key fields and advantageous scenarios, and implement in batches and in steps.
(4) Public-interest orientation, reasonable returns. Ensure priority to the public interest and promote inclusive data services. Establish a fair and reasonable revenue-distribution mechanism to ensure that the value of data elements is fully released.
(5) Leadership by distinctive features, integrated innovation. In close combination with Yanbian Prefecture’s unique endowments in ethnicity, borders, ecology and culture and tourism, encourage the deep integration of data and industry and cultivate new data-application business formats with regional recognizability.
(6) Clear rights and responsibilities, compatible incentives. Clarify the rights, responsibilities and obligations of all participants, establish a regulatory environment that encourages innovation and is tolerant and prudent, and stimulate the endogenous drive to undertake and act.
Chapter II Basic Requirements
Article 6. The Yanbian Prefecture Leading Group for Advancing the Transformation of Government Functions and the Building of Digital Government (hereinafter the “Leading Group”) shall be responsible for studying and resolving major issues in the authorized operation of public data resources.
The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau, as the prefecture-level data administration department, shall be responsible for guiding, coordinating and urging other relevant departments to carry out, in accordance with their respective duties, the work relating to the authorized operation of public data resources.
The Prefecture People’s Government authorizes the Prefecture Big Data Center as the implementing institution for authorized operation, responsible for specifically organizing and carrying out the authorized operation of public data resources.
Article 7. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall take the lead in organizing the census of state-owned data (public data) resources across the Prefecture. Public data providing departments shall, in accordance with the requirement of “all fields, all categories, full coverage,” comprehensively sort out the data resources that genuinely exist in their units and are owned by the State in accordance with law, and establish by category a list of the total scale of data resources and a list of resources available for authorized operation (hereinafter the “two lists”), ensuring that “everything that should be inventoried is inventoried, with no duplication and no omission.” Public data resources not included in the “two lists” shall not, in principle, be included within the scope of authorized operation.
Article 8. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall be responsible for establishing a mechanism for surveying and dynamically updating public data resources. Public data providing departments shall periodically update and maintain, through the Jilin Province state-owned data resource census portal, information on their data resource catalogues, storage volumes, sharing and opening status, and intentions regarding authorized operation, ensuring that the “two lists” are accurate in real time. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall consolidate the data resource situation across the Prefecture and periodically submit the data-asset ledger to the Prefecture People’s Government and the Provincial Government Affairs and Data Bureau, as the basis for selecting resources for authorized operation.
Article 9. Public data resources may be subject to authorized operation only after registration has been completed. The registrant shall register the public data resources proposed for authorization, and the data products and services formed by processing them, through the Jilin Province public data resource registration platform, ensuring that the source is lawful, the content compliant and the evidence deposit traceable.
Public data resources for which registration has not been completed as required shall not be included within the scope of authorized operation.
The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall periodically verify the registration status of data resources under authorized operation and, where registration information has been changed, has lapsed or has been cancelled, promptly suspend or terminate the relevant authorization.
Article 10. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall be responsible for organizing the construction of the Yanbian Prefecture public data authorized-operation platform, providing a unified channel for the authorized operation of public data across the Prefecture. In principle, counties (cities) shall no longer separately build county-level public data authorized-operation platforms, and are encouraged to carry out county-level authorized operation by relying on the prefecture platform.
Article 11. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall, through government procurement of services and similar means, advance as a whole the construction of the Yanbian Prefecture data resource pool, and uniformly aggregate, share and manage cross-regional, cross-departmental and cross-level public data resources. In principle, government departments at all levels across the Prefecture shall not build new independent server rooms or data centers; existing information systems shall, on the principle that “everything that should be migrated is migrated,” be migrated and integrated into the prefecture data resource pool in batches, in steps and according to plan, achieving the unified and centralized deployment and unified operation and maintenance management of government information systems across the Prefecture, so as to effectively avoid duplicate construction and reduce fiscal expenditure and operation and maintenance costs.
Article 12. The construction of the prefecture data resource pool shall, in accordance with the province-wide unified technical specifications, interface standards and security requirements, achieve seamless interfacing and real-time connectivity with the Jilin Province government data sharing platform. Relying on the provincial government data sharing and exchange system, the Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall in accordance with law promote the timely and complete return to the prefecture data resource pool, on the premise of ensuring data security and according to the actual needs of prefecture and county (city) government departments in performing their statutory duties, of the government data in national and provincial business information systems that relates to the Prefecture’s administrative area; it shall coordinate with the relevant higher-level departments to implement system-interfacing and business-coordination requirements, and no additional restrictive conditions may be imposed, so as to comprehensively consolidate the foundation of “one ledger” management of data across the Prefecture.
Article 13. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall be responsible for promoting the improvement of a full-lifecycle data security protection system, strictly implementing the classified and graded protection system, and ensuring the stable operation of information systems and the security and controllability of data; on that basis, it shall efficiently support digital-government reform tasks such as “one-network access to services” and “one-network unified management,” continuously improve government governance capacity and public service levels, and provide solid, secure and sustainable data support for the building of “Digital Yanbian.”
Article 14. Public data providing departments shall be responsible for the catalogue preparation, collection and updating, classification and grading, and security assurance of the public data of their institutions. Public data providing departments shall strengthen source-data quality management, improve the capabilities of trusted provenance and verification and error correction for public data, and ensure that public data is true, accurate and complete.
Article 15. The following acts are prohibited in the authorized operation of public data resources:
(1) A public data providing department shall not, without approval, sign a public data authorized-operation agreement with any third party, and shall not, by way of cooperative development, entrusted development or similar means whereby a third party builds an information system, allow that third party directly to obtain the right to operate public data.
(2) An operating institution shall not leak, steal, tamper with, damage, lose or improperly use public data resources, and shall not by any means provide or sub-authorize authorized data to a third party.
(3) An operating institution shall not export raw data, shall not restore raw data through reversible models or algorithms, and shall not trade in raw data.
(4) An operating institution shall not carry out data operations outside the scope of authorization, shall not use the relevant public data products and services in application scenarios that have not been approved, and shall not, without review, import other data or carry out technical-service cooperation with third parties.
(5) An operating institution shall not directly or indirectly participate in the re-development of public data products and services already delivered within the scope of authorization.
(6) Other acts prohibited by laws and regulations.
Article 16. Operating institutions and business entities shall effectively protect personal information rights and interests, intellectual property rights, trade secrets and the like from infringement, and shall not use public data resources beyond the scope of authorization. Public data involving personal information shall be anonymized, or obtained after the data source subject has given authorization and consent in accordance with law, and the relevant authorization records shall be retained as required by laws and regulations.
Chapter III Preparation of Plans
Article 17. The authorized operation of public data in Yanbian Prefecture shall mainly adopt a whole-authorization model; special cases shall be studied and determined by the Leading Group.
Article 18. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall be responsible for guiding the implementing institution in preparing the implementation plan for the authorized operation of public data resources in Yanbian Prefecture. The implementation plan shall include a feasibility study of the authorized operation, the selection criteria for operating institutions, the term of authorized operation, the authorization procedure, the scope and catalogue of data resources, the frequency of data updates, the list of public data products and services, the exit mechanism, asset management, supervision and administration and assessment and evaluation requirements, the cost and revenue accounting mechanism, the revenue-distribution mechanism, security-protection and emergency-response measures, and the rights and obligations of all parties, ensuring that it is implementable and can be put into practice.
Article 19. Before the authorized-operation implementation plan is prepared, the implementing institution shall, together with the Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau, conduct a compliance review of the census and registration status of the data resources proposed for authorization. The review shall focus on:
(1) whether the resources are included in the “list of resources available for authorized operation”;
(2) whether public data resource registration has been completed and the registration information is valid;
(3) whether there are disputes over ownership, security risks, un-de-identified personal information or other problems.
Resources that fail the review shall not be included within the scope of authorization.
Article 20. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall be responsible for submitting the implementation plan to the Prefecture People’s Government for deliberation and approval before implementation, and shall file it with the Provincial Government Affairs and Data Bureau for the record. An implementation plan that has been deliberated and approved shall not, in principle, be changed at will; where a major adjustment is genuinely necessary, it shall be re-submitted to the Prefecture People’s Government for deliberation in accordance with the original procedure.
Article 21. The implementing institution shall be responsible for organizing and carrying out authorized-operation activities and, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations, shall select on merit a qualified legal-person organization as the operating institution by fair-competition methods such as public tender, invited tender or negotiation.
Article 22. The implementing institution shall draft the agreement on the authorized operation of public data resources and, after collective decision-making, sign the agreement with the operating institution selected in accordance with law; the Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall file it with the Provincial Government Affairs and Data Bureau for the record.
Article 23. The operating agreement shall specify the rights and obligations of both parties, the scope and catalogue of data resources, the term of operation, ownership of assets, the list of data products and services to be provided, data security requirements, service fees, the revenue-distribution mechanism, liability for breach, and the conditions for amendment and termination of the agreement.
Chapter IV Implementation of Operations
Article 24. The implementing institution shall establish and improve a secure and controllable development and utilization environment, make full use of existing information-system resources, encourage intensive construction, support the application of secure and trusted circulation technologies such as privacy computing, and ensure that the process of data development and utilization is manageable, controllable and traceable. The building of ethnic-language data processing capabilities within the secure environment is encouraged.
Article 25. Operating institutions shall, within the secure and controllable environment established by the implementing institution, process the public data within the scope of authorization to form data products and services that can be provided to the market.
Article 26. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall, together with the Prefecture Development and Reform Commission and the relevant industry competent departments, establish and improve a pricing mechanism for public data products and services in accordance with the relevant national, provincial and prefectural requirements.
Article 27. The authorized operation of public data resources shall, on the principle of “who invests, who contributes, who benefits,” establish a fair and reasonable revenue-distribution mechanism and protect the lawful rights and interests of all participants.
Article 28. Business entities’ use of public data products and services shall be subject to tiered management according to the level of the data source:
(1) for products and services formed from prefecture-level public data, an application-scenario plan shall be submitted to the implementing institution, and re-development may proceed after a compliance assessment;
(2) for products and services formed from county-level public data, an application-scenario plan shall be submitted to the data administration department of the county (city) concerned, and re-development may proceed after a compliance assessment.
Business entities are encouraged to carry out integrated innovation on public data products and services, enhance data value and foster a flourishing data-industry ecosystem.
Article 29. Operating institutions are encouraged to use public data on culture and tourism, transport, meteorology, market regulation and the like to develop visitor-facing data products such as smart guides, multilingual services, digital displays of intangible cultural heritage, festival-event forecasting and rural-tourism recommendations, promoting the conversion of ethnic-culture data into assets.
Article 30. The integration of agricultural and rural, market-regulation, natural-resources, e-commerce and other data shall be promoted, supporting operating institutions in building a whole-chain data-service system from planting and breeding through processing and warehousing to brand marketing. Priority shall be given to supporting geographical-indication products such as Yanbian yellow cattle, Changbai Mountain ginseng and Wangqing black fungus in establishing “one product, one code” traceability systems, so as to enhance brand credibility and market competitiveness.
Article 31. Counties (cities) with an industrial base are encouraged to carry out pilots of the authorized operation of public data, focusing on carriers such as the comprehensive pilot zone for cross-border e-commerce, the national-level demonstration zone for the integration of culture and tourism, and modern agricultural industrial parks, to explore replicable and scalable pathways for the market-based allocation of data elements in ethnic regions.
Chapter V Operation Management
Article 32. The implementing institution shall establish and improve management systems for security review, risk assessment and monitoring and early warning, together with emergency-response measures; strengthen data governance; implement the classified and graded data protection system; strictly control the direct entry into the market of raw data that has not been made public in accordance with law; and periodically conduct internal-control audits and assessment and evaluation of operating institutions.
Article 33. Operating institutions shall strengthen the management of costs, revenues and expenditures relating to public data products and services, accept supervision in accordance with law, and, during the term of operation, submit to the implementing institution an annual operating report as stipulated in the agreement, covering the storage, processing, analysis, integrated utilization and market operation of the authorized data.
Article 34. The implementing institution shall, together with relevant units or by entrusting a third-party institution, periodically evaluate the operating institution’s operations. The evaluation shall include as core indicators social benefits such as promoting the transmission of ethnic culture, driving increases in border residents’ incomes, enhancing the premium-pricing capacity of distinctive agricultural products, and serving the facilitation of cross-border economic and trade activity. The evaluation results shall serve as an important basis for deciding whether to continue the authorization or permit re-application, and shall be reported to the data administration department at the same level.
Operating institutions shall cooperate with the evaluation and provide materials truthfully, and shall not refuse, obstruct or conceal.
Article 35. Operating institutions shall, on the principle that “whoever operates is responsible and whoever uses is responsible,” perform their primary responsibility for data security, and establish and improve a technical-protection and operation-management system covering the full data lifecycle, ensuring that data sources are traceable, destinations ascertainable, conduct leaves a record and responsibility can be pursued.
Article 36. Operating institutions shall be responsible for the security of the storage of public data within the scope of authorization and of primary data products and services, and shall adopt the necessary technical means to conduct whole-process security supervision of the re-development of data products and services.
Article 37. The finance, development and reform, market regulation, audit and other departments shall, in accordance with their duties, carry out the supervision and administration of the marketization of public data products and services.
The cyberspace, public security, state security, secrecy and other departments shall, in accordance with their duties, carry out the security supervision and administration of the authorized operation of public data.
Article 38. The implementing institution and operating institutions shall, in accordance with regulations, periodically disclose to the public information on the authorized operation of public data and accept public supervision.
Article 39. The authorized operation of public data involving border counties (cities) shall be subject to a special security risk assessment and to joint supervision by the prefecture-level public security, state security, foreign affairs and other departments.
Article 40. The Leading Group shall periodically conduct a comprehensive assessment of the authorized operation of public data across the Prefecture, effectively identify and control risks in the process of converting data into assets and capital, and effectively prevent and defuse all kinds of security hazards.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 41. Authorized operation already under way before the implementation of these Measures shall be progressively improved by reference to these Measures; authorized-operation activities newly commenced after the implementation of these Measures shall be carried out in accordance with these Measures.
Article 42. The Prefecture Government Affairs and Data Bureau shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.
Article 43. These Measures shall come into force on the date of issuance. Where the State, the Province or laws and regulations make new provisions on the authorized operation of public data resources, those provisions shall prevail.